To view disk partitioning information, use WMI:
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_DiskPartition | Select-Object -Property *
Next, pick the properties you are really interested in, then replace the "*" with a comma-separated list of these properties. For example:
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_DiskPartition | Select-Object -Property Name, BlockSize, Description, BootPartition
If you pick four or less properties, the result is a neat table, otherwise a list:
If you are hungry for more, use the parameter -List to search for other WMI classes, either related to "disk", or just something completely different: